Publications

@article{ZHU2024172535,

title = {Ultra-high specific surface area spherical FePOx/SiO2 aerogel with excellent mechanical properties for the highly selective direct oxidation of CH4 to HCHO},

author = {Kunmeng Zhu and Fuwei Gao and Zhiyang Zhao and Jian Ren and Javier Lasobras and Xiaodong Shen and Sheng Cui and Miguel Menéndez},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838823038380},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172535},

issn = {0925-8388},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Alloys and Compounds},

volume = {971},

pages = {172535},

abstract = {Silica aerogels, characterized by their high porosity and substantial specific surface area, are suitable for applications as catalysts or catalyst supports. The simultaneous attainment of a substantial specific surface area and robust mechanical properties in aerogel materials remains a formidable challenge in material synthesis. Spherical FePOx/SiO2 aerogel materials were synthesized employing a combination of heating reflux, the sol-gel technique, and supercritical ethanol drying. These composites demonstrate an exceptional specific surface area, uniformly dispersed active components, shape controllability, and superior mechanical strength. A noteworthy enhancement in both specific surface area (1175 m2/g) and compressive modulus (7.56 MPa) surpasses many findings reported in extant literature. Under conditions of a reaction temperature at 650 °C and a flow rate of 97.5 mL/min, the HCHO selectivity and yield for 4 wt% FePOx/SiO2 aerogel were 18.3 and 4.2 times, respectively, higher than those of 4 wt% FePOx/SiO2 particles. These composites manifest significant selectivity towards the direct catalytic oxidation of CH4 to HCHO.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03956,

title = {Effect of Thermal, Acid, and Alkaline Treatments over SAPO-34 and Its Agglomerated Catalysts: Property Modification and Methanol-to-Olefin Reaction Performance},

author = {Diego Zapater and Javier Lasobras and Naydu Zambrano and Idoia Hita and Pedro Castaño and Jaime Soler and Javier Herguido and Miguel Menéndez},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03956},

doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03956},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research},

volume = {63},

number = {8},

pages = {3586-3599},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{GARCIAGARETA2024151396,

title = {Physico-chemical characterization of the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma},

author = {Elena García-Gareta and Alejandro Calderón-Villalba and Pilar Alamán-Díez and Carlos Gracia Costa and Pedro Enrique Guerrero and Carlota Mur and Ana Rueda Flores and Nerea Olivera Jurjo and Patricia Sancho and María Ángeles Pérez and José Manuel García-Aznar},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S017193352400013X},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151396},

issn = {0171-9335},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Cell Biology},

volume = {103},

number = {2},

pages = {151396},

abstract = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy that accounts for more than 90% of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. Our research is focused on the physico-chemical properties of the tumour microenvironment (TME), including its tumoural extracellular matrix (tECM), as they may have an important impact on the success of cancer therapies. PDAC xenografts and their decellularized tECM offer a great material source for research in terms of biomimicry with the original human tumour. Our aim was to evaluate and quantify the physico-chemical properties of the PDAC TME. Both cellularized (native TME) and decellularized (tECM) patient-derived PDAC xenografts were analyzed. A factorial design of experiments identified an optimal combination of factors for effective xenograft decellularization. Our results provide a complete advance in our understanding of the PDAC TME and its corresponding stroma, showing that it presents an interconnected porous architecture with very low permeability and small pores due to the contractility of the cellular components. This fact provides a potential therapeutic strategy based on the therapeutic agent size.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RENDA2024140221,

title = {CO2 methanation over open cell foams prepared via chemical conversion coating},

author = {Simona Renda and Marco Martino and Vincenzo Palma},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652623043792},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140221},

issn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {434},

pages = {140221},

abstract = {In the framework of the CO2 utilization, and of the integration of renewable energy sources into the power generation scenario, the methanation reaction plays a key role, being the core of the power-to-gas, or power-to-X, processes. Structured catalysts are widely recognized for being particularly promising in exothermic processes, as they ensure a better thermal management of the heat generated within the system. In recent years, the application of metallic structures has spread. Nevertheless, the functionalization of these structures via washcoating procedure has several disadvantages. Herein, it is highlighted the potential of ceria chemical-conversion coating (CCC) as technique for the preparation of methanation catalysts, and optimize the Ni deposition procedure on such structures. In this work, the suitability of the obtained catalysts for CO2 methanation was evaluated in several operating conditions, obtaining CO2 conversion as high as 70 % below 400 °C with the most promising sample. In a first analysis, it was demonstrated that the catalysts prepared through the CCC technique can be applied in the CO2 methanation systems. In addition, through a kinetic analysis it was highlighted that the preparation method could be a key parameter for the selectivity of the process, driving the system towards a direct CO2 methanation or to the CO-path mechanism, therefore further studies should be performed to better explore this aspect.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{MERCADER2024114667,

title = {Biogas upgrading by intensified methanation (SESaR): Reaction plus water adsorption - desorption cycles with Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst and LTA 5A zeolite},

author = {Víctor Daniel Mercader and Paúl Durán and Pablo Aragüés-Aldea and Eva Francés and Javier Herguido and José Angel Peña},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920586124001615},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2024.114667},

issn = {0920-5861},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Catalysis Today},

volume = {433},

pages = {114667},

abstract = {This work is conducted within the framework of the Power to Gas (PtG) technologies, focusing on the topic of “biogas upgrading”. The objective is to enhance the CH4 content of biogas streams by utilizing the CO2 present in these streams through the Sabatier reaction, thereby producing a renewable alternative to natural (fossil) gas. Referred to as “SESaR”(Sorption Enhanced Sabatier Reaction), this process employs a catalytic fixed-bed reactor, featuring selective water adsorption using LTA 5A zeolites, as an innovative approach to traditional methanation reactors. The catalyst used comprises Ni-Fe (7.5:2.5 wt/wt) as the active metallic phase supported on γ-Al2O3. Experimental work has been divided in two sets of trials. The first set focuses on the hydrogenation of CO2 as single reactant (H2 also supplied in the inlet with 4:1 = H2:CO2 molar ratio). The second set of experiments was carried out with a synthetic gas mixture representative of a sweetened biogas stream (molar ratio CH4:CO2 = 7:3). Maximum intensification behavior for CO2 conversion was found at 350 °C, also showing that CH4 presence in the inlet gas has negligible influence on the conversion of CO2. Selectivity to CO is minimized at temperatures exceeding 300 °C and remains constant after three consecutive cycles of methanation, water adsorption, and desorption. The Fe-Ni catalyst has demonstrated sustained performance throughout the experimental cycles, exhibiting no significant loss of activity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{10.3389/frmst.2023.1267374,

title = {Preparation of polymeric-ceramic composite membranes for use in the methanol synthesis reaction},

author = {I. Elvira and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmst.2023.1267374},

doi = {10.3389/frmst.2023.1267374},

issn = {2813-1010},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology},

volume = {2},

abstract = {A new kind of ceramic-polymeric membranes has been prepared and characterized towards its use in membrane reactors for synthesis of methanol from CO_{2} and hydrogen. In this way, PBI membranes were prepared on a ceramic support by varying parameters of the preparation process. The effect of those parameters on the separation of the compounds involved in the reaction was measured under conditions (temperature, pressure and gas composition) simulating those of the reaction. The prepared membranes were able to selectively remove water from a mixture containing hydrogen and CO_{2}. H_{2}O/CO_{2} and H_{2}O/H_{2} separation factors over 18 and 12, respectively, were achieved at 160°C. The separation factors decreased by increasing the temperature with a 3-layer membrane but were quite stable with a 4-layer membrane.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Renda2023,

title = {Carbonyl sulfide removal from refinery tail-gas streams: experimental and kinetic study of the hydrolysis reaction},

author = {Simona Renda and Emma Palo and Michele Colozzi and Vincenzo Palma},

doi = {10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124417},

issn = {13835866},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Separation and Purification Technology},

pages = {124417},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Extremely Low Temperatures for the Synthesis of Ethylene Oxide},

author = {B. A. De Liso and V. Palma and G. Pio and S. Renda and E. Salzano},

doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00402},

issn = {15205045},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},

volume = {62},

issue = {18},

abstract = {The partial oxidation of ethylene in a methane atmosphere by pure oxygen is the most important industrial process for the synthesis of ethylene oxide. However, due to the high reactivity and exothermicity of the reaction system, the overall production is limited by kinetic and safety issues. The shift toward mild operative conditions can support the management of undesirable side reactions, enhancing the performance of the whole process. In the future, the direct use of liquefied ethylene and oxygen-enriched air, a low-cost waste in membrane-based nitrogen production, can provide convenient sources for heat removal as well as promote the use of innovative and more sustainable solutions. This work is focused on the experimental and numerical characterization of the oxidation of ethylene/methane/nitrogen/oxygen mixtures at different operative conditions, including extremely low temperatures, and oxidant compositions. To this aim, the laminar burning velocity and flammability limits were first measured utilizing the heat flux burner and compared with detailed kinetic mechanisms and experiments retrieved from the current literature. The reported data were adopted to identify the operational limits for innovative processes, paving the way to unlocking the potential of innovative chemistry at extreme conditions. Eventually, key performance indicators accounting for kinetic and safety aspects were defined to identify the most sustainable and convenient operative conditions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Muccioli2023,

title = {NiCoAl-Based Monolithic Catalysts for the N2O Intensified Decomposition: A New Path towards the Microwave-Assisted Catalysis},

author = {O. Muccioli and E. Meloni and S. Renda and M. Martino and F. Brandani and P. Pullumbi and V. Palma},

doi = {10.3390/pr11051511},

issn = {22279717},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Processes},

volume = {11},

issue = {5},

abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered the primary source of NOx in the atmosphere, and among several abatement processes, catalytic decomposition is the most promising. The thermal energy necessary for this reaction is generally provided from the external side of the reactor by burning fossil fuels. In the present work, in order to overcome the limits related to greenhouse gas emissions, high heat transfer resistance, and energy losses, a microwave-assisted N2O decomposition was studied, taking advantages of the microwave’s (MW) properties of assuring direct and selective heating. To this end, two microwave-susceptible silicon carbide (SiC) monoliths were layered with different nickel–cobalt–aluminum mixed oxides. Based on the results of several characterization analyses (SEM/EDX, BET, ultrasound washcoat adherence tests, Hg penetration technique, and TPR), the sample showing the most suitable characteristics for this process was reproduced in the appropriate size to perform specific MW-assisted catalytic activity tests. The results demonstrated that, by coupling this catalytic system with an opportunely designed microwave heated reactor, it is possible to reach total N2O conversion and selectivity of a highly concentrated N2O stream (50 vol%) at T = 550 °C, the same required in the conventionally heated process to remove N2O from a less concentrated gas stream (20 vol%).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Meloni2023,

title = {Ru- and Rh-Based Catalysts for CO2 Methanation Assisted by Non-Thermal Plasma},

author = {E. Meloni and L. Cafiero and S. Renda and M. Martino and M. Pierro and V. Palma},

doi = {10.3390/catal13030488},

issn = {20734344},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Catalysts},

volume = {13},

issue = {3},

abstract = {The need to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is becoming increasingly necessary since it is considered the main factor responsible for climate change. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technology offers the opportunity to obtain a wide range of chemicals using this molecule as a raw material. In this work, the catalytic Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP)-assisted hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 (methanation reaction) in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor was investigated. Four different Ru- and Rh-based catalysts were prepared starting from γ-Al2O3 spheres, characterized and tested in both thermal and NTP-assisted methanation under different operating conditions. The experimental tests evidenced the very positive effect of the NTP application on the catalytic performance, highlighting that for all the catalysts the same CO2 conversion was reached at a temperature 150 °C lower with respect to the conventional thermal reaction. Among the prepared catalysts, the bimetallic ones showed the best performance, reaching a CO2 conversion of 97% at about 180 °C with a lower energy consumption with respect to similar catalysts present in the literature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Renda2023b,

title = {Insights in the application of highly conductive structured catalysts to CO2 methanation: Computational study},

author = {S. Renda and A. Ricca and V. Palma},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.338},

issn = {03603199},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},

abstract = {Nowadays, the optimization of the heat management in highly exothermic processes is a key issue. In recent years, highly conductive structured catalysts have been widely recognized in recent years as a tool for the process intensification of several technologies of this kind. To the best of our knowledge, despite the great availability of studies (both experimental and computational) on the topic, only the potentiality of this application has been discussed so far. Less attention has been paid to the limitations of structured catalysts systems. This work aims to provide an overview on the application of different types of structured catalysts in highly exothermic reactions using as probe reaction the methanation of CO2, offering a perspective view on the industrialization and scale up of this technology. The transport phenomena of momentum, heat and mass coupled with the chemical reaction have been detailed via computational study and compared to a previous experimental work, highlighting how the potentiality observed on lab scale will lose appeal in a scaled-up configuration, where higher Reynolds numbers are involved. Finally, the study provides a possible solution for the application of structured catalysts on bigger scale, without losing the advantages of thermal conductivity observed in the lab-scale experiments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Alzueta2023,

title = {NH3 oxidation and NO reduction by NH3 in N2/Ar and CO2 atmospheres},

author = {María U. Alzueta and Víctor D. Mercader and Jorge Giménez-López and Rafael Bilbao},

doi = {10.1016/J.FUEL.2023.129212},

issn = {0016-2361},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Fuel},

volume = {353},

pages = {129212},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Impact of using CO2 or N2/Ar as bath gas, representative respectively of oxy-fuel or air combustion scenarios, has been evaluated on the oxidation of ammonia under a variety of operating conditions in a combined experimental and simulation study. Variables of relevance as temperature and oxygen stoichiometry have been considered at atmospheric pressure and under carefully controlled experimental conditions. Additionally, the impact of the presence of NO, which can be formed from ammonia oxidation, has also been evaluated. The experimental results obtained have been simulated with significant success with a detailed literature kinetic mechanism, which has been further used to interpret the main experimental observations. The results obtained are of interest in the power and energy industry, and can be used for guiding the co-firing of NH3 and carbon containing fuels.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Meloni2022b,

title = {Electrified Hydrogen Production from Methane for PEM Fuel Cells Feeding: A Review},

author = {E. Meloni and G. Iervolino and C. Ruocco and S. Renda and G. Festa and M. Martino and V. Palma},

doi = {10.3390/en15103588},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

issue = {10},

abstract = {The greatest challenge of our times is to identify low cost and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. From this point of view, the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes is fundamental and the use of hydrogen as an energy vector, usable by fuel cells, is strategic. It is possible to tackle the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes with the electrification of systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research on the electrification of endothermic industrial chemical processes aimed at the production of H2 from methane and its use for energy production through proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In particular, two main electrification methods are examined, microwave heating (MW) and resistive heating (Joule), aimed at transferring heat directly on the surface of the catalyst. For cases, the catalyst formulation and reactor configuration were analyzed and compared. The key aspects of the use of H2 through PEM were also analyzed, highlighting the most used catalysts and their performance. With the information contained in this review, we want to give scientists and researchers the opportunity to compare, both in terms of reactor and energy efficiency, the different solutions proposed for the electrification of chemical processes available in the recent literature. In particular, through this review it is possible to identify the solutions that allow a possible scale-up of the electrified chemical process, imagining a distributed production of hydrogen and its conse-quent use with PEMs. As for PEMs, in the review it is possible to find interesting alternative solutions to platinum with the PGM (Platinum Group Metal) free-based catalysts, proposing the use of Fe or Co for PEM application.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Meloni2022c,

title = {The Route from Green H2 Production through Bioethanol Reforming to CO2 Catalytic Conversion: A Review},

author = {E. Meloni and M. Martino and G. Iervolino and C. Ruocco and S. Renda and G. Festa and V. Palma},

doi = {10.3390/en15072383},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

issue = {7},

abstract = {Currently, a progressively different approach to the generation of power and the production of fuels for the automotive sector as well as for domestic applications is being taken. As a result, research on the feasibility of applying renewable energy sources to the present energy scenario has been progressively growing, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Following more than one approach, the integration of renewables mainly involves the utilization of biomass-derived raw material and the combination of power generated via clean sources with conventional power generation systems. The aim of this review article is to provide a satisfactory overview of the most recent progress in the catalysis of hydrogen production through sustainable reforming and CO2 utilization. In particular, attention is focused on the route that, starting from bioethanol reforming for H2 production, leads to the use of the produced CO2 for different purposes and by means of different catalytic processes, passing through the water–gas shift stage. The newest approaches reported in the literature are reviewed, showing that it is possible to successfully produce “green” and sustainable hydrogen, which can represent a power storage technology, and its utilization is a strategy for the integration of renewables into the power generation scenario. Moreover, this hydrogen may be used for CO2 catalytic conversion to hydrocarbons, thus giving CO2 added value.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Renda2022b,

title = {Electrically driven SiC-based structured catalysts for intensified reforming processes},

author = {S. Renda and M. Cortese and G. Iervolino and M. Martino and E. Meloni and V. Palma},

doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2020.11.020},

issn = {09205861},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Catalysis Today},

volume = {383},

abstract = {This article presents a study on the electrification of reforming processes, in which the heat required for the reaction is directly supplied by the surface of the structured catalyst, realized by using commercial silicon carbide (SiC) heating elements as catalyst carriers, so eliminating all resistances to heat transfer. Three commercial ceramic supports were loaded with a 5 wt% nickel and tested in the steam reforming reaction. The best performance was obtained by the silica-mullite composite based support with the highest specific surface area. The structured catalyst was prepared by washcoating a SiC heating element, using a slurry based on the silica-mullite composite, subsequently impregnated in a solution of the nickel precursor, and tested in the steam and dry reforming reactions. The experimental tests were properly designed in order to reach the goals of (i) obtaining the kinetic parameters for the MSR reaction, and (ii) evaluating the energy consumption for both processes. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, specific surface area, ED-XRF, SEM-EDS and Hg porosimetry. The results of the tests demonstrated that is possible to heat the system up to 800 °C, and sustain the reaction obtaining a methane conversion higher than 85 % both in the case of steam and dry reforming. The analysis of the energy consumption in terms of kWh Nm−3H2 has shown that it is comparable with the one of the modern electrolysers. The results of these experiments unequivocally demonstrate that it is possible to realize a process by reversing the flow of heat, from the inside of the catalytic bed to the outside.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Muccioli2022,

title = {Decomposition of N2O over NixCo3-xO4 Catalyst},

author = {O. Muccioli and E. Meloni and M. Martino and S. Renda and P. Pallumbi and F. Brandani and V. Palma},

doi = {10.3303/CET2296048},

issn = {22839216},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Engineering Transactions},

volume = {96},

abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O) was recognized as a strong greenhouse gas that can be reduced by applying post-treatment technologies. N2O catalytic decomposition is considered the most attractive method for N2O abatement due to its easy operation and high efficiency. Among several catalysts, the cobalt-based mixed oxides have been identified as the most performing for this reaction. In this work a NixCo3-xO4 catalyst was prepared, characterized by means of nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and tested in the N2O decomposition reaction in presence of two different reactant mixtures, by using N2O and O2 with two different vol% as reactants, in order to evaluate the effect of the latter on the catalytic behavior. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of N2O and O2 in the gaseous stream strongly influenced the activity of the catalyst, indeed, by halving the O2 concentration, the N2O conversion increases from 54 % to 79 %. The NixCo3-xO4 sample resulted a promising catalyst for N2O decomposition reaction of gaseous stream containing up to 5 vol% of N2O, also in presence of O2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Methanol to gasoline (MTG): Parametric study and validation of the process in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR)},

author = {A. Sanz-Martínez and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},

doi = {10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.045},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry},

volume = {113},

pages = {189-195},

abstract = {Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) process transforms methanol to hydrocarbons within the boiling point range of gasoline. The result is a wide spectrum of products (olefins, paraffins, aromatics and naphthenics, among others), with the total conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons and water. Catalyst deactivation by coke is a main problem in this process. This work aims to determine the feasibility of carrying out the production of gasoline from methanol in a two-zone fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR). The hypothesis is that the formation of carbonaceous deposits (coke) on the catalyst particles can be counteracted by its combustion in the regeneration zone that this novel reactor presents, thus achieving stable and continuous operation. In this way, both processes (reaction and regeneration) would be being carried out simultaneously in the same reactor (process intensification). The comparison of results between a conventional fluidized bed reactor and a TZFBR shows that the second one actually provides a better stability over time.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zapater2022,

title = {Temperature and dilution effects on MTO process with a SAPO-34-based catalyst in fluidized bed reactor},

author = {D. Zapater and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},

doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.010},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Catalysis Today},

volume = {394-396},

pages = {219-224},

abstract = {Conversion of methanol to light olefins (MTO) using SAPO-34 molecular-sieve as the reaction catalyst was studied in a fluidized bed reactor within the temperature range of 400–550 °C by 50 °C increments and under 50, 66.6 and 90 vol% of methanol in the feed, diluted with water or an inert. SAPO-34-based catalyst was prepared by agglomeration with clay and alumina to allow proper fluidization. Catalytic results show the highest olefin yield for 500 °C and a reduction in catalyst deactivation for 1:1 methanol:water molar ration in the feed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zapater2022b,

title = {Comparison of Conventional and Two-Zone Fluidized Bed Reactors for Methanol to Olefins. Effect of Reaction Conditions and the Presence of Water in the Feed},

author = {D. Zapater and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},

doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00323},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},

volume = {61},

issue = {17},

pages = {5757-5765},

abstract = {The effect of water over the performance of the Methanol-to-Olefins process was studied in a conventional fluidized bed reactor (CFBR) and a two-zone fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR). Both of them contained the same SAPO-34-based catalyst, prepared by agglomeration with bentonite and alumina. In the first section of this paper, the performance was studied in the TZFBR for a wide range of temperatures (350-600 °C, ΔT = 50 °C), and two oxygen concentrations fed to the lower zone (7.5 and 10.8% for 500, 550, and 600 °C). In the second section, a comparison between the performance over the two previously mentioned reactors is presented, followed by a comparison between feeding water or not doing so to the TZFBR. Results showed that the TZFBR increased the initial yield to olefins and the production time of them, an effect that was increased by feeding a mixture of methanol-water (1:1 molar ratio) instead of pure methanol.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Methanol to Gasoline (MTG): Preparation, Characterization and Testing of HZSM-5 Zeolite-Based Catalysts to Be Used in a Fluidized Bed Reactor},

author = {A. Sanz-Martínez and J. Lasobras and J. Soler and J. Herguido and M. Menéndez},

doi = {10.3390/catal12020134},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Catalysts},

volume = {12},

issue = {2},

abstract = {The preparation of catalysts suitable for MTG processes in a fluidized bed reactor has been studied with emphasis on improving the textural, physico-chemical, morphological, structural and mechanical properties. A mixture of HZSM-5 zeolite (active material), boehmite or bentonite (binder) and alumina (inert filler) was used to prepare different catalysts. After preparation, characterization by physical adsorption of N2, XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX techniques was carried out. The screening of catalysts was performed in a fluidized bed reactor. The distribution of products was very similar in all cases, with the yield of light hydrocarbons always being higher than that of gasoline. Among the catalysts tested, the one containing boehmite as a binder (HZ_Boeh) was found as the most appropriate due to its high mechanical strength, high yield to aromatics and lower yield to durene.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}